Package 'waldo'

Compare two objects

Description

This compares two R objects, identifying the key differences. It:

• Orders the differences from most important to least important.

• Displays the values of atomic vectors that are actually different.

• Carefully uses colour to emphasise changes (while still being readable when colour isn't available).

• Uses R code (not a text description) to show where differences arise.

• Where possible, it compares elements by name, rather than by position.

• Errs on the side of producing too much output, rather than too little.

compare() is an alternative to all.equal().

Usage

compare(
  x,
  y,
  ...,
  x_arg = "old",
  y_arg = "new",
  tolerance = NULL,
  max_diffs = if (in_ci()) Inf else 10,
  ignore_srcref = TRUE,
  ignore_attr = "waldo_opts",
  ignore_encoding = TRUE,
  ignore_function_env = FALSE,
  ignore_formula_env = FALSE,
  list_as_map = FALSE,
  quote_strings = TRUE
)

Arguments

x, y	Objects to compare. x is treated as the reference object so messages describe how y is different to x.
...	A handful of other arguments are supported with a warning for backward comparability. These include: all.equal() arguments checkNames and check.attributes testthat::compare() argument tol All other arguments are ignored with a warning.
x_arg, y_arg	Name of x and y arguments, used when generated paths to internal components. These default to "old" and "new" since it's most natural to supply the previous value then the new value.
tolerance	If non-NULL, used as threshold for ignoring small floating point difference when comparing numeric vectors. Using any non-NULL value will cause integer and double vectors to be compared based on their values, not their types, and will ignore the difference between NaN and NA_real_. It uses the same algorithm as all.equal(), i.e., first we generate x_diff and y_diff by subsetting x and y to look only locations with differences. Then we check that mean(abs(x_diff - y_diff)) / mean(abs(y_diff)) (or just mean(abs(x_diff - y_diff)) if y_diff is small) is less than tolerance.
max_diffs	Control the maximum number of differences shown. The default shows 10 differences when run interactively and all differences when run in CI. Set max_diffs = Inf to see all differences.
ignore_srcref	Ignore differences in function srcrefs? TRUE by default since the srcref does not change the behaviour of a function, only its printed representation.
ignore_attr	Ignore differences in specified attributes? Supply a character vector to ignore differences in named attributes. By default the "waldo_opts" attribute is listed in ignore_attr so that changes to it are not reported; if you customize ignore_attr, you will probably want to do this yourself. For backward compatibility with all.equal(), you can also use TRUE, to all ignore differences in all attributes. This is not generally recommended as it is a blunt tool that will ignore many important functional differences.
ignore_encoding	Ignore string encoding? TRUE by default, because this is R's default behaviour. Use FALSE when specifically concerned with the encoding, not just the value of the string.
ignore_function_env, ignore_formula_env	Ignore the environments of functions and formulas, respectively? These are provided primarily for backward compatibility with all.equal() which always ignores these environments.
list_as_map	Compare lists as if they are mappings between names and values. Concretely, this drops NULLs in both objects and sorts named components.
quote_strings	Should strings be surrounded by quotes? If FALSE, only side-by-side and line-by-line comparisons will be used, and there's no way to distinguish between NA and "NA".

Value

A character vector with class "waldo_compare". If there are no differences it will have length 0; otherwise each element contains the description of a single difference.

Controlling comparisons

There are two ways for an object (rather than the person calling compare() or expect_equal() to control how it is compared to other objects. First, if the object has an S3 class, you can provide a compare_proxy() method that provides an alternative representation of the object; this is particularly useful if important data is stored outside of R, e.g. in an external pointer.

Alternatively, you can attach an attribute called "waldo_opts" to your object. This should be a list of compare options, using the same names and possible values as the arguments to this function. This option is ignored by default (ignore_attr) so that you can set the options in the object that you control. (If you don't want to see the attributes interactively, you could attach them in a compare_proxy() method.)

Options supplied in this way also affect all the children. This means options are applied in the following order, from lowest to highest precedence:

1. Defaults from compare().

2. The waldo_opts for the parents of x.

3. The waldo_opts for the parents of y.

4. The waldo_opts for x.

5. The waldo_opts for y.

6. User-specified arguments to compare().

Use these techniques with care. If you accidentally cover up an important difference you can create a confusing situation where x and y behave differently but compare() reports no differences in the underlying objects.

Examples

# Thanks to diffobj package comparison of atomic vectors shows differences
# with a little context
compare(letters, c("z", letters[-26]))
compare(c(1, 2, 3), c(1, 3))
compare(c(1, 2, 3), c(1, 3, 4, 5))
compare(c(1, 2, 3), c(1, 2, 5))

# More complex objects are traversed, stopping only when the types are
# different
compare(
  list(x = list(y = list(structure(1, z = 2)))),
  list(x = list(y = list(structure(1, z = "a"))))
)

# Where possible, recursive structures are compared by name
compare(iris, rev(iris))

compare(list(x = "x", y = "y"), list(y = "y", x = "x"))
# Otherwise they're compared by position
compare(list("x", "y"), list("x", "z"))
compare(list(x = "x", x = "y"), list(x = "x", y = "z"))

---

Proxy for waldo comparison

Description

Use this generic to override waldo's default comparison if you need to override the defaults (typically because your object stores data in an external pointer).

waldo comes with methods for a few common cases:

• data.table: the .internal.selfref and index attributes are set to NULL. Both attributes are used for performance optimisation, and don't affect the data.

• xml2::xml_node: the underlying XML data is stored in memory in C, behind an external pointer, so the we best can do is to convert the object to a string.

• Classes from the RProtoBuf package: like XML objects, these store data in memory in C++ and only expose string names to R. Fortunately, these have well-understood string representations that we can use for comparisons. See https://protobuf.dev/reference/cpp/api-docs/google.protobuf.text_format/

Usage

compare_proxy(x, path = "x")

Arguments

x	An object.
path	Path

Value

A list with two components:

• object: the modified object

• path: an updated path showing what modification was applied

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