Demo of the bit package

bit type

Create a huge boolean vector (no NAs allowed)

n <- 1e8
b1 <- bit(n)
b1
#> bit length=100000000 occupying only 3125000 int32
#>         1         2         3         4         5         6         7         8 
#>     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE 
#>            99999993  99999994  99999995  99999996  99999997  99999998  99999999 
#>        ..     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE 
#> 100000000 
#>     FALSE

It costs only one bit per element

object.size(b1) / n
#> 0.1 bytes

A couple of standard methods work

b1[10:30] <- TRUE
summary(b1)
#>    FALSE     TRUE     Min.     Max. 
#> 99999979       21       10       30

Create a another boolean vector with TRUE in some different positions

b2 <- bit(n)
b2[20:40] <- TRUE
b2
#> bit length=100000000 occupying only 3125000 int32
#>         1         2         3         4         5         6         7         8 
#>     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE 
#>            99999993  99999994  99999995  99999996  99999997  99999998  99999999 
#>        ..     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE 
#> 100000000 
#>     FALSE

fast boolean operations

b1 & b2
#> bit length=100000000 occupying only 3125000 int32
#>         1         2         3         4         5         6         7         8 
#>     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE 
#>            99999993  99999994  99999995  99999996  99999997  99999998  99999999 
#>        ..     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE 
#> 100000000 
#>     FALSE

fast boolean operations

summary(b1 & b2)
#>    FALSE     TRUE     Min.     Max. 
#> 99999989       11       20       30

bitwhich type

Since we have a very skewed distribution we may coerce to an even sparser representation

w1 <- as.bitwhich(b1)
w2 <- as.bitwhich(b2)
object.size(w1) / n
#> 0 bytes

and everything

w1 & w2
#> bitwhich: 11/ 100000000 occupying only  11 int32 in 1 representation
#>         1         2         3         4         5         6         7         8 
#>     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE 
#>            99999993  99999994  99999995  99999996  99999997  99999998  99999999 
#>        ..     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE     FALSE 
#> 100000000 
#>     FALSE

works as expected

summary(w1 & w2)
#>    FALSE     TRUE     Min.     Max. 
#> 99999989       11       20       30

even mixing

summary(b1 & w2)
#>    FALSE     TRUE     Min.     Max. 
#> 99999989       11       20       30

processing chunks

Many bit functions support a range restriction,

summary(b1, range=c(1, 1000))
#> FALSE  TRUE  Min.  Max. 
#>   979    21    10    30

which is useful

as.which(b1, range=c(1, 1000))
#>  [1] 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
#> attr(,"maxindex")
#> [1] 100000000
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "booltype" "which"

for filtered chunked looping

lapply(chunk(from=1, to=n, length=10), function(i) as.which(b1, range=i))
#> $`1:10000000`
#>  [1] 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
#> attr(,"maxindex")
#> [1] 100000000
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "booltype" "which"   
#> 
#> $`10000001:20000000`
#> integer(0)
#> attr(,"maxindex")
#> [1] 100000000
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "booltype" "which"   
#> 
#> $`20000001:30000000`
#> integer(0)
#> attr(,"maxindex")
#> [1] 100000000
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "booltype" "which"   
#> 
#> $`30000001:40000000`
#> integer(0)
#> attr(,"maxindex")
#> [1] 100000000
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "booltype" "which"   
#> 
#> $`40000001:50000000`
#> integer(0)
#> attr(,"maxindex")
#> [1] 100000000
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "booltype" "which"   
#> 
#> $`50000001:60000000`
#> integer(0)
#> attr(,"maxindex")
#> [1] 100000000
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "booltype" "which"   
#> 
#> $`60000001:70000000`
#> integer(0)
#> attr(,"maxindex")
#> [1] 100000000
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "booltype" "which"   
#> 
#> $`70000001:80000000`
#> integer(0)
#> attr(,"maxindex")
#> [1] 100000000
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "booltype" "which"   
#> 
#> $`80000001:90000000`
#> integer(0)
#> attr(,"maxindex")
#> [1] 100000000
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "booltype" "which"   
#> 
#> $`90000001:100000000`
#> integer(0)
#> attr(,"maxindex")
#> [1] 100000000
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "booltype" "which"

over large ff vectors

options(ffbatchbytes=1024^3)
x <- ff(vmode="single", length=n)
x[1:1000] <- runif(1000)
lapply(chunk(x, length.out = 10), function(i) sum(x[as.hi(b1, range=i)]))
#> $`1:10000000`
#> [1] 10.06019
#> 
#> $`10000001:20000000`
#> [1] 0
#> 
#> $`20000001:30000000`
#> [1] 0
#> 
#> $`30000001:40000000`
#> [1] 0
#> 
#> $`40000001:50000000`
#> [1] 0
#> 
#> $`50000001:60000000`
#> [1] 0
#> 
#> $`60000001:70000000`
#> [1] 0
#> 
#> $`70000001:80000000`
#> [1] 0
#> 
#> $`80000001:90000000`
#> [1] 0
#> 
#> $`90000001:100000000`
#> [1] 0

and wrap-up

delete(x)
#> [1] TRUE
rm(x, b1, b2, w1, w2, n)

for more info check the usage vignette